AWD is a term that is thrown around loosely in the automobile industry and AWD systems are not all the same, not by a long shot. Subaru has enjoyed a positive reputation when it comes to AWD systems because their symmetrical AWD system is a good one and has been around for a long time. They stress in their advertising that theirs is a FULL TIME AWD system, inferring that others are not. This is simply not true. The problem derives from how people are defining what constitutes full time and what constitutes part time.
The old original true 4WD systems were that were found on Blazers, Jeeps, Broncos and Pickup tucks, etc, were true part time systems. Meaning, you had to manually engage them either by physically getting out and locking the hubs on the front axle and then throwing a lever in the cabin, or by pushing a button. Either way, the system was NOT ON DEMAND or Self Actuating. The driver had to turn it on. Most Jeep vehicles, famous for their 4WD systems are Part time even today and are listed as such on the window sticker.
This was done because true 4WD drive systems could not be used on pavement or damage to the drive train could occur since the axles were locked and the front and rear axles might turn at different speeds especially when turning. Jeep calls this system "COMMAND TRACK" and uses it to this day with most Jeeps sold this way. Jeep DOES however, make a full time system which they call Selec Trac. It still has to be switched on, but it can be left on ALL THE TIME ( full time ) without fear of damage on drive pavement. It can be switched off to save fuel.
Nowadays, most of the true 4WD systems now offer a full time option. 4WD was always favored by off roaders who benefited by such a system and their available 4WH ( high range ) and 4W low, (low range ) for crawling slow and with power over difficult terrain.
The Auto industry was smart enough to realize that most people don't go off road, BUT would greatly benefit from some sort of 4 Wheel system. One that was simple to operate, didn't require an understanding of 4 Wheel High and 4 Wheel low and had no pavement limitations. So AWD was born. AWD systems today are ALL full time as they are on ALL THE TIME. One does not need to push a button or throw a switch to engage them. They function on demand. So why then does Subaru stress that theirs is full time and that others might not be.
The answer is, due to the way their symmetrical AWD operates some power is ALWAYS being sent to every wheel. Even when conditions don't warrant it, approximately 15% of the power is sent to the rear wheels. This isn't necessarily bad in and of itself, but it is fuel inefficient. For example when traveling on a highway in a straight line on a dry pavement, there is no benefit to having power sent to all 4 wheels. This situation does NOT require increased traction. All it does is consume excess fuel.
The more advanced AWD systems take this sort of situation into account and when traction is good, will typically restrict power to the front wheels ( most car based SUVs being front wheel biased rather than rear wheel ). Since all these systems are controlled by high speed computer chips, the instant a loss of traction is detected or impending, power can be sent to all wheels with traction then reduced to wheels that might spin, with NO INPUT FROM THE DRIVER. As such, these sytems are FULL TIME AWD SYSTEMS AS THEY ARE ALWAYS WORKING.
Again, there is nothing wrong with the subaru system sending some power to all 4 wheels all the time, but there is no benefit from doing this and it consumes more fuel.
Having said all this, the SHAWD system developed by Honda for it's Acura division a few years back , variations of which have found there way into the top of the line Honda vehicles ( Pilot, Ridgeline & Passport, all the others having a simpler AWD system that is less capable ) is perhaps the most sophisticated and most capable AWD system around. Even without the LOW range present in most 4WD systems, Honda's second-generation i-VTM4® (Intelligent Variable Torque Management) all-wheel-drive system is incredibly capable and will go places where other AWD systems cannot. It's ability to send 70% of the power to the rear wheels and 100% of THAT to one side if necessary, is something unexpected and rare on a front wheel drive biased vehicle. For this reason alone, the 2026 Passport is a superior vehicle to the Subaru Outback Wilderness. Sealing the deal is the fact that the Hondas equipped with this system ( Ridgeline, Pilot and Passport ) all have real, traditional hydromatic automatic transmissions, whereas the Subaru has a CVT transmission ( which Honda also uses, but only lower prices vehicles, not the ones equipped with second-generation i-VTM4® (Intelligent Variable Torque Management) all-wheel-drive system.
In my opinion a CVT transmission has no place on a vehicle that is going off road, and / or marketed for such purpose. I apologize for being a little wordy here, but AWD systems are an aspect of automobile technology that is most misunderstood by the buying public and misrepresented by salespeople, so I wanted to clarify it.